Entomological profile and new registers of the genera Anopheles (Diptera, Culicidae) in a Brazilian rural community of the District of Coxipó do Ouro, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso

The order Diptera is constituted of insects that possess numerous varieties of habitats, these winged, commonly called mosquitoes, comprise a monophyletic group. Malaria transmitters in Brazil are represented by mosquitoes of the Anopheles genus, being it principal vector species Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) darlingi Root. Collectings were accomplished in the rural area of Cuiabá in the region of Coxipó do Ouro/MT, and a total 4,773 adult mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles were obtained. The prevailing species in the collectings where An. (Nys.) darlingi with 3,905 (81.8%), considered the vector of major epidemiological expression in the region, followed by Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) argyritarsis (Robineau-Desvoidy) 267 (5.6%) and Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) triannulatus (Neiva & Pinto) 226 (4.7%). This report might be useful to entomological surveillance, demonstrating that the Coxipó do Ouro/MT locality might be elected as an area to be monitored, once the presence of such vector in this type of environment indicates a potential malaria transmission risk for the neighbouring regions in the state of Mato Grosso.

anthropophilic and endophagic, stinging in and around the residences (bRasil 2017). Mato Grosso state, which is part of the endemic area, currently responsible for 1.0% of malaria cases (bRasil 2011). The distribution of the cases of the disease presents a not homogeneous behavior and is especially concentrated the municipality of Colniza, considered medium risk and Nova Bandeirantes, considered low risk (mato GRosso 2016). Malaria control is based on early diagnosis, case management and vector control, and for the latter method it is necessary to know the behavior of the vector in the target locality (bRasil 2017).
Even malaria suffering declining in number year by year still poses problems for the authorities by their difficult control. In the state of Mato Grosso, according to the state health department's survey, 216 cases were reported in the year 2016. In that same year, the five municipalities of Mato Grosso with the highest number of cases were: Colniza, Aripuanã, Juína, Brasnorte and Rondolândia (PaRente et al. 2012).
Data from the World Health Organization (WHO 2013) indicate that malaria is the tropical infectious-contagious disease that causes most social and economic problems in the world, only outnumbered by AIDS deaths (PaRente et al. 2012).
One of the major concerns regarding this vector is reproductive success in the face of anthropic environmental impact, human changes, such as human settlements, agriculture and indigenous peoples, miners and hydroelectric enterprise construction (hiwat & bRetas 2011).
It is essential to develop entomological studies that subsidize options in the adoption of control mechanisms that effectively reduce the rate of transmission and mortality caused by malaria.
The present study reports the occurence of the anophelines fauna and behavior of the species that occur in the community of Coxipó do Ouro, Cuiabá district, seeking to understand the entomological link in the transmission of malaria in the municipality of Mato Grosso.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Area of study. Sampling of specimens was performed, between January/2014 and November/2016, from 17:00 to 23:00 h, totaling six h of catch for three consecutive nights in each of the five months of each year (Table 1). A total of 4,773 winged adults female and 62 larvae were collected in rural areas of Cuiabá-MT in the community of Coxipó do Ouro 15°27'20.98" S; 55°58'35.22" W ( Figure 1).

Mosquito collection.
For the collections of adult females Anophelines specimens, two methods were used: Shannon trap and Method of capture by human attraction (Human Landing Catch method/HLC) as recommended by WHO (2013) andmaRcondes et al. (2007), where captors are fully protected and using black stockings of thick tissue covering the legs of the catchers so that the insect has difficulty performing blood repast, but is still attracted. Adult female mosquitoes were captured between 17:00 and 23:00 h.
The human bait collections were performed on three consecutive nights by four individuals working in teams of two in three-hour shifts, capturing Anophelines mosquitoes using the technique with "Castro's catcher" suction tube (maRcondes et al. 2007;RibeiRo et al. 2013).
After capture, the insects were stored in entomological pots of plastic containers of volume 500 mL, inserted with a maximum of 40 to 50 insects. The collected specimens were conditioned and fed with cotton soaked in sugar water (10%) and stored in polystyrene boxes, covered with a wet towel, thus avoiding the presence of predators and helping the survival of the captured insects.
For sampling of the immature Anophelines was used the method of shellfuls in the borders of the River Coxipó of the gold being 50 shellfuls per month of sampling sampled totaling 750 shellfuls. The collected larvae were counted and identified with a Coleman optical microscope with a 100x magnification at the Entomology Laboratory of the Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (Federal University of Mato Grosso). Identification was performed using the keys for classification of consoli & oliveiRa (1994) and FoRattini groups (30 specimens), the mosquitoes adults female were killed in the freezer at -20 ˚C for 5 min. Using microscope-40X stereoscope, for identification at the specific level using the taxonomic keys: zavoRtinK (1927); deane et al. (1947); lane (1953); FaRan & linthicum (1981);consoli & oliveiRa (1994);FoRattini (2002).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Mato Grosso is located in the Central West region of Brazil, and the biome is closed as a characteristic. The Cerrado is the second largest Brazilian and South American plant formation, and is considered the most biodiverse savanna formation in the world, surpassed only by the Amazon Forest. In Mato Grosso the area occupied by this biome is approximately 300,000 km², equivalent to 34% of the state territory. Due to its location, it shares specimens with most Brazilian biomes (Amazon Forest, Caatinga and Atlantic Forest) (bRasil 2018). Characteristic of tropical regions, the Cerrado presents two well-defined seasons: rainy summer and dry winter (dantas et al. 2016).
Fifteen campaigns were carried out for collecting adults and larvae, during the period studied (2014,2015,2016) there were a total of 750 shellfuls to obtain immature specimens. From this technique, 62 were positive for Anophelines larvae, 20 larvae of the species An. argyritarsis were identified, and the others only at the generic level.
Reports of anthropozoonotic were described in Brazil and Venezuela concerning these two species. Venezuelan researchers lalRemRuata et al. (2015) argued in their studies that human infections occurring in that country denote that P. brasilianum in Venezuela were genetically identical to P. brasilianum in host monkeys and P. malariae in humans. The records reported by bRasil et al. (2017) showed the evidence found in the Atlantic Forest in Rio de Janeiro/Brazil on P. simium, indicating that this species may correspond to the description of a sixth type of human malaria.
Most malaria cases are concentrated in the Amazon region (Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima and Tocantins). However, there are reports of cases of the disease being carried out in endemic areas in other Brazilian states (bRasil 2019) (Figure 1).
These records of human movement between regions with few or many endemic diseases confirm the risk of malaria due to the presence of the vector in both environments as recorded in these collections. Recreation with bars and clubs of associations and economic activities involved are among the main activities that put people at risk of contracting Plasmodium and disseminating them in other regions (tadei et al. 2007).
In a study conducted in localities near the Manso hydroelectric station in the State of Mato Grosso (FoRattini 1993;RibeiRo et al. 2007); these researchers collected specimens of Anophelines in the area of implantation of this plant, being also identified a high number of individuals of the species An. darling, corroborating with the records found in this study.
Epidemiologically, the presence of specimens of the genus Anopheles can be considered an important genus Culicidae family that includes many species vectors of Plasmodium causing human malaria. In Brazil, 11 species of them have epidemiological importance and great impact in the transmission of the disease: An. (Nys.) darlingi; Anopheles   In Goiás/Brazil, manoel et al. (2010) found a variety of Anophelines species that presented the highest diversity in the studied municipalities were An. argyritarsis and An. darlingi, however these researchers found a higher density in Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) evansae (Brethes). We can observe the rich of species that may be present in the different niches of the Central West region of Brazil. In contrast to the techniques used in the study by these researchers, it can be observed in this study that the technique of human bait was superior in the capture of the winged specimens, 4,161 (87.2%) in relation to the Shannon technique 612 (12.8%), ( h. This report is in accordance with this work. However, these arguments can be compared with the records of Rund et al. (2013) that observed the rhythmic patterns of Anopheles gambiae Giles and found that the olfactory organs of these arthropods feel the odors of humans in the pre-twilight and twilight periods being more attracted hematophagy at night. The natural history of this subfamily of mosquitoes has received the attention of researchers from various parts of the world (sinKa et al., 2011;sinKa et al., 2012). These studies have led to a process of knowledge of their biological characteristics in order to discover their vulnerabilities to more easily monitor and combat them (FoRattini 2002). Currently, vectors serve as a tool for growing studies. The study of Anophelines species in a region where malaria is endemic is important for the targeting of control measures, especially since the same species in the same place can change their habits over time, mainly due to environmental changes.
The data obtained in the present study indicate that the ecological changes followed by the human occupation observed in the research should be considered. This study showed that changes in the environment, whether they are in urban areas, prospectors or rural areas. This finding raises the discussion about the need to understand the importance of social and population characteristics, such as mobility, that affect the population dynamics of species transmitting pathogens, possibly contributing to the increase of disease transmission, among them malaria.
The populations of Anopheles, which are located in the study area, are due to the locations of water from these environments, some species demonstrate the ability to undergo variations in their biology and to adapt to different environmental conditions.
The high degree of synanthropism of species of the genus Anopheles, prevalent An. darlingi, is a species considered important in the epidemiology of malaria in the region, point to the need to monitor these species in environments preserved, anthropized and modified by man.