Study of behavioral patterns and infection analyses in anopheline species involved in the transmission of malaria in Buriticupu and São José de Ribamar municipality, Maranhão State, Brazil

Vera Lúcia Lopes de Barros; Fábio Medeiros da Costa; Antônio Rafael da Silva; Eloisa da Graça Rosário Gonçalves; Denilson da Silva Bezerra; Elias Seixas Lorosa; Wanderli Pedro Tadei

doi:10.12741/ebrasilis.v13.e0820

Authors

Vera Lúcia Lopes de Barros Centro de Referências em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Universidade Federal do Maranhão - UFMA http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1028-7255
Fábio Medeiros da Costa Oikos Consultoria e Projetos
Antônio Rafael da Silva Centro de Referências em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Universidade Federal do Maranhão - UFMA
Eloisa da Graça Rosário Gonçalves Centro de Referências em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Universidade Federal do Maranhão - UFMA
Denilson da Silva Bezerra Departamento de Oceanografia e Limnologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão - UFMA http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9567-7828
Elias Seixas Lorosa Departamento de Entomologia, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ
Wanderli Pedro Tadei Laboratório de Malária e Dengue, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0612-3285

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v13.e0820

Keywords:

Behavior, Blood Meal, Ecology, Parasite, Vector

Abstract

Anopheles darlingi Root and Anopheles aquasalis Curry are the main vectors of malaria that occur in the State of Maranhão. Entomological surveys based on the behavior and infectivity of these vectors are important for the elaboration of disease control strategies. The objectives of this work were to study the behavioral patterns of mosquitoes, determining population and hematophagic peaks, dietary preferences, infectivity rate and characterization of breeding sites in two municipalities in the State of Maranhão: Buriticupu and São José of Ribamar. Larvae and pupae were collected in breeding sites and adult females in home environments. Mosquito behavior, their dietary preferences and Plasmodium spp infection rates were analyzed. The vegetation and physicochemical patterns in the breeding sites found are in agreement with those described for species from the Amazon region and the Brazilian Atlantic coast. Anopheles darlingi was the most prevalent mosquito in Buriticupu breeding and home environments. This species was found mainly fed on human blood and naturally infected with Plasmodium vivax Grassi & Feletti and Plasmodium falciparum Welch. Anopheles aquasalis was more frequent in breeding sites in São José de Ribamar, as well as in home environments, whose specimens were mainly fed with human and bird blood. The main peaks of mosquito occurrence in Buriticupu were between 6 pm to 9 pm and in São José de Ribamar we did not record a definite peak. In the first municipality A. darlingi showed dominance over Anopheles albitarsis Lynch Arribálzaga s.l., Anopheles oswaldoi Peryassú, Anopheles nuneztovari Gabaldón and Anopheles evansae Brèthes,, besides presenting a correlation with rainfall. In the second municipality, A. aquasalis was dominant over A. albitarsis s.l. and there was a correlation between these two species and the rainy season. We conclude that the collected data contribute to elucidate the dynamics of malaria transmission in the region and guide the control actions directed to the elimination of the disease in the country.

References

Alves, FP, LHS Gil, MT Marrelli, PEM Ribolla, EP Camargo & LHP Silva, 2005. Asymptomatic Carriers of Plasmodium spp. as Infection Source for Malaria Vector Mosquitoes in the Brazilian Amazon. Journal of the Medical Entomology, 42: 777-779. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/42.5.777

Barbosa, LMC, RNP Souto, RMA Ferreira & VM Scarpassa, 2014. Composition, abundance and aspects of temporal variation in the distribution of Anopheles species in an area of Eastern Amazonia. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, 47: 313-320. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0239-2013

Barbosa, LMC, RNP Souto, RMA Ferreira & VM Scarpassa, 2016. Behavioral patterns, parity rate and natural infection analysis in anopheline species involved in the transmission of malaria in the northeastern Brazilian Amazon region. Acta Tropica, 164: 216-225. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.09.018

Barros, VLL, FM Costa, AR Silva, EGR Gon

Claborn, DM, PB Hshieh, DR Roberts, TA Klein, BC Zeichner & RG Andre, 2002. Environmental factors associated with larval habitats of malaria vectors in northern Kyunggi Province, Republic of Korea. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 18: 178-185.

Consoli, RAGB & R Louren

Davis, NC, 1931. A Note on the Malaria-Carrying Anophelines in Bel

Deane, LM, 1986. Malaria vectors in Brazil. Mem

Deane, LM, CS Vernin & RG Damasceno, 1949. Avalia

Deane, LM, OR Causey & MP Deane, 1948. Notes on the biology of Anopheles and northeastern regions of Brazil's Amazon. Revista do Servi

Ferreira, FA, AN Arcos, RTM Sampaio, IB Rodrigues & WP Tadei, 2015. Effect of Bacillus sphaeriscus Neide on Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) and associated insect fauna in fish ponds in the Amazon. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 59: 234-239. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2015.03.013

Flores-Mendoza, C, RA Cunha, DS Rocha & R Louren

Forattini, OP, 2002. Culicidologia M

Galardo, AKR, RH Zimmerman, LP Lounibos, LJ Young, CD Galardo, M Arruda & CAA D

Galv

Hiwat, H & G Bretas, 2011. Ecology of Anopheles darlingi Root with respect to vector importance: a review. Parasites and Vectors, 4: 1-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-4-177

IPEA

Klein, TA, JB Lima, MS Tada & R Miller, 1991. Comparative susceptibility of anopheline mosquitoes in Rond

Lorosa, ES, RE Andrade, MGA Serra, JMM Rebelo & MC Vinhaes, 1998. Estudo das fontes alimentares atrav

Louren

Moser, JB, A Guti

Moutinho, PR, LHS Gil, RB Cruz & PEM Ribolla, 2011. Population dynamics, structure and behavior of Anopheles darlingi in a rural settlement in the Amazon rainforest of Acre, Brazil. Malaria Journal, 10: 1-12 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-10-174

Mwangangi, JM, EJ Muturi, JI Shililu, S Muriu, B Jacob, E W Kabiru, CM Mbogo, JI Githure & RJ Novak, 2007. Environmental covariates of Anopheles arabiensis in a rice agroecosystem in mwea, central Kenya. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 23: 371

Pimenta, PF, AS Orfano, AC Bahia, AP Duarte, CM R

Pinault LL & FF Hunter, 2012. Characterization of larval habitats of Anopheles albimanus, Anopheles pseudopunctipennis, Anopheles punctimacula, and Anopheles oswaldoi s.l. populations in lowland and highland Ecuador. Journal of Vector Ecology. 37: 124-136. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1948-7134.2012.00209.x

P

R Development Core Team, 2013. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna: The R Foundation for Statistical Computing. 63 p. Available on:<http://www.R-project.org>.

Reb

Rodrigues, IB, WP Tadei, RLC Santos, S Santos & JB Baggio. 2008. Controle da mal

Santelli, ACFS, CP Damasceno, CL Peterka & PB Marchesini, 2016. Plano de elimina

Savage, HME, E Rejmankova, JI Arredondo-Jimenez, DR Roberts & MH Rodriguez, 1990. Limnological and botanical characterization of larval habitats for two primary malarial vectors, Anopheles albimanus and Anopheles pseudopunctipennis, in coastal areas of Chiapas state, Mexico. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 6: 612-620. Available on: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/content/part/JAMCA/JAMCA_V06_N4_P612-620.pdf

Silva, AN, CC Santos, RN Lacerda, EPS Rosa, RT Souza, D Galiza, I Sucupira, JE Conn & MM P

Silva, AR, PL Tauil, JLB Bastos-J

Sinka, ME, Y Rubio-Palis, S Manguin, AP Patil, WH Temperley, PW Gething, TV Boeckel, CW Kabaria, RE Harbach & SI Hay, 2010. The dominant Anopheles vectors of human malaria in the Americas: occurrence data, distribution maps and bionomic pr

Siqueira, AF, 1960. Estudos sobre a rea

Snounou, G, S Viriyakosol, PX Zhu, W Jarra, L Pinheiro, VE Ros

Soleimani-Ahmadi, M, H Vatandoost & M Zare, 2014. Characterization of larval habitats for anopheline mosquitoes in a malarious area under elimination program in the southeast of Iran. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 4: 73-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12980/APJTB.4.2014C899

Tadei, WP & B Dutary-Thatcher, 2000. Malaria vectors in the Brazilian Amazon: Anopheles of the subgenus Nyssorhynchus. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de S

Tadei, WP, B Dutary-Thatcher, JMM Santos, VM Scarpassa, IB Rodrigues & MS Rafael, 1998. Ecologic observations on anopheline vectors of malaria in the Brazilian Amazon. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 59: 325-335. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1998.59.325

Tadei, WP, IB Rodrigues, MS Rafael, RTM Sampaio, HG Mesquita, VCS Pinheiro, JAC Zequi, RA Roque & JMM Santos, 2017. Adaptative processes, control measures, genetic background, and resilience of malaria vectors and environmental changes in the Amazon region. Hydrobiologia, 789: 179-196. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-016-2960-y

Tadei, WP, JMM Santos, VM Scarpassa & IB Rodrigues, 1993. Incidence, distribution and ecological aspects of Anopheles species (Diptera: Culicidae) in natural areas and environmental impact in the Brazilian Amazon, p. 167-196. In: Ferreira, EJG, GM Santos, ELM Le

Tadei, WP, JMM Santos, WLS, Costa & VM Scarpassa, 1988. Biologia de anofelinos amaz

Vezenegho, SB, A Adde, VP Santi, J Issaly, R Carinci, P Gaborit, I Dusfour, R Girod & S Briolant, 2016. High malaria transmission in a forested malaria focus in French Guiana: How can exophagic Anopheles darling thwart vector control and prevention measures?. Mem

Vittor, AY, RH Gilman, J Tielsch, G Glass, T Shields, WS Lozano, V Pinedo-Cancino & JA Patz, 2006. The effect of deforestation on the human-biting rate of Anopheles darlingi, the primary vector of Falciparum malaria in the Peruvian Amazon. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 74: 3-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2006.74.3

Vittor, AY, W Pan, RH Gilman, J Tielsch, G Glass, T Shields, W S

Xavier, MMSP & JMM Reb